DNA - definizione. Che cos'è DNA
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Cosa (chi) è DNA - definizione

MOLECULE THAT ENCODES THE GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS USED IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF ALL KNOWN LIVING ORGANISMS AND MANY VIRUSES
Dna; History of science and technology/Discovery of DNA; Desoxyribonucleic acid; Naked DNA; SsDNA; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Deoxiribose nucleic acid; DsDNA; Deoxyribose nucleic acid; Dsdna; Deoxyribionucleic acid; Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid; DNA gene; Dehydroxyribonucleic acid; DNA strand; Deoxyribonucleic Acids; Deoxyribonucleic acids; Deoxyribonucleic; DNA molecule; Doexyribonucleic acid; Deoxiribonewcleic; The blueprint of life; D.n.a.; Deroxiribonueclec acid; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Ssdna; Protein-DNA complex; SDNA; Dioxyribonucleic Acid; Double-stranded DNA; Dublex DNA; Single-stranded DNA; Sense and Antisense; Sense and antisense; Structure of DNA; Accessory genome; DNA world; Phosphodiester backbone; DNA helices; D. N. A.; 🧬; Sodium thymonucleate; History of DNA research; Extracellular DNA; DNA study; DNA studies; ABC acids
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  • date=22 September 2008 }}</ref>
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  • DNA major and minor grooves. The latter is a binding site for the [[Hoechst stain]] dye 33258.
  • element]] and the detailed structures of two [[base pair]]s are shown in the bottom right.
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  • 3′]] hydroxyl group (—OH) on the other.
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  • lagging strand]]. This enzyme makes discontinuous segments (called [[Okazaki fragment]]s) before [[DNA ligase]] joins them together.
  • B]] and [[Z-DNA]]
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  • Impure DNA extracted from an orange
  • Location of eukaryote [[nuclear DNA]] within the chromosomes
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  •  A current model of meiotic recombination, initiated by a double-strand break or gap, followed by pairing with an homologous chromosome and strand invasion to initiate the recombinational repair process. Repair of the gap can lead to crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) of the flanking regions. CO recombination is thought to occur by the Double Holliday Junction (DHJ) model, illustrated on the right, above. NCO recombinants are thought to occur primarily by the Synthesis Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA) model, illustrated on the left, above. Most recombination events appear to be the SDSA type.
  • Karyotype}}
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  • [[Maclyn McCarty]] (left) shakes hands with [[Francis Crick]] and [[James Watson]], co-originators of the double-helix model based on the X-ray diffraction data and insights of Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling.
  • Interaction of DNA (in orange) with [[histone]]s (in blue). These proteins' basic amino acids bind to the acidic phosphate groups on DNA.
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  • Pencil sketch of the DNA double helix by Francis Crick in 1953
  • Simplified diagram
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  • The Eagle]] [[pub]] commemorating Crick and Watson
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DNA         
Digital Network Architecture (Reference: DEC)
DNA         
Direct Network Attach (Reference: Xyratex, RAID)
DNA         
¦ noun Biochemistry deoxyribonucleic acid, a substance present in nearly all living organisms as the carrier of genetic information, and consisting of a very long double-stranded helical chain of sugars joined by phosphate bonds and cross-linked by pairs of organic bases.

Wikipedia

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid ( (listen); DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life.

The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds (known as the phosphodiester linkage) between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands are bound together, according to base pairing rules (A with T and C with G), with hydrogen bonds to make double-stranded DNA. The complementary nitrogenous bases are divided into two groups, pyrimidines and purines. In DNA, the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine; the purines are adenine and guanine.

Both strands of double-stranded DNA store the same biological information. This information is replicated when the two strands separate. A large part of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences. The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are thus antiparallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (or bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes genetic information. RNA strands are created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription, where DNA bases are exchanged for their corresponding bases except in the case of thymine (T), for which RNA substitutes uracil (U). Under the genetic code, these RNA strands specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins in a process called translation.

Within eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. Before typical cell division, these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing a complete set of chromosomes for each daughter cell. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus as nuclear DNA, and some in the mitochondria as mitochondrial DNA or in chloroplasts as chloroplast DNA. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm, in circular chromosomes. Within eukaryotic chromosomes, chromatin proteins, such as histones, compact and organize DNA. These compacting structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.

Esempi dal corpus di testo per DNA
1. Dog DNA is already teaching several lessons about human DNA.
2. DNA is DNA is DNA, whether it‘s a whale or a coconut tree or a human,‘‘ Shivji said.
3. What the DNA polymerase chain reaction machine does is replicate a piece of DNA, using enzymes.
4. Forensic experts have allegedly matched DNA from the two men with DNA found on Ms Horton.
5. The prosecutor has told the court that DNA at the scene matched Murdoch‘s DNA.